We have been actively researching in many fields for many years, e.g.
- model membranes
- muscle contraction
- bacteriorhodopsin
- time-resolved protein crystallography
- time-resolved electron microscopy
- small angle x-ray scattering
A comprehensive list of scientific publications and invited contributions to books can be seen below.
95 Funari SS, Nuscher B, Rapp G & K Beyer (2001) Detergent-phospholipid mixed micelles with a crystalline phospholipid core. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA), Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 8938-8943
94 Bagni MA, Colombini B, Amenitsch H, Bernstorff S, Ashley CC, Rapp G & PJ Griffiths (2001) Frequency-dependent distortion of meridional intensity changes during sinusoidal length oscillations of activated skeletal muscle. Biophys J 80, 2809-22
93 Uhríková D, Rapp G & P Balgavý (2001) Condensation of DANN and phosphatidylcholine bilayers induced by Mg ions - a synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. In: Challenges for Coordination Chemistry in the New Century. Eds: M.Melnik & A Sirota. Slovac Technical Univ. Press, Bratislava, pp 219-224
92 Garidel P, Richter W, Rapp G & A Blume (2001) Structural and morphological investigations of quasi crystalline phases of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DMPG). Phys Chem Chem Phys 3, 1504-1513
91 Richter F, Rapp G & L Finegold (2001) Miscibility gap in fluid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine:cholesterol as seen'' by x rays. Phys. Rev. E 63, 051914-1 to 9
90 Uhríková D, Rapp G & P Balgavý (2001) Condensed lamellar phase in ternary DNA - DLPC - cationic gemini surfactant system: A small-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction study Bioelectrochemistry, in press
89 Tenchov B, Koynova R & G Rapp (2001) New Ordered Metastable Phases Between The Gel And Subgel Phases In Hydrated Phospholipids. Biophys J 80, 1873-1890
88 Hoskins BK, Ashley CC, Rapp G & PJ Griffiths (2001) Time-resolved X-ray diffraction by skinned skeletal muscle fibres during activation and shortening. Biophys J 80, 398-414
87 Garidel P, Förster G, Richter W, Kunst BH, Rapp G & A Blume (2000) DMPG divalent cation complexes: An X-ray scattering and freeze-fractureelectron-microscopy study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2 4537-4544
86 Eguchi T, Arakawa K, Kakinuma K, Rapp G, Gosh S, Nakatani Y & G Ourisson (2000) Giant versicles from 72-membered macrocyclic archaeal phospholipid analogues: Initiation of vesicle formation by molecular recognition between membrane components. Chem Eur J 6, 3351-3358
85 Funari SS, Rapp G, Perbrandt M, Dierks K, Vallazza M, Betzel C, Erdmann VA & DI Svergun (2000) Structure of free Thermus flavus 5S rRNA at 1.3 nm resolution from synchrotron X-ray solution scattering J Biol Chem, 275(40):31283
84 Bringezu F, Rapp G, Dobner B, Nuhn P, & G Brezesinski (2000) Structures and phase transitions in aqueous dispersions of branched-chain glycerophosphoethanolamines. PCCP, in press
83 Rappolt M, Pabst G, Rapp G, Kriechbaum M, Amenitsch H, Krenn C, Bernstorff S & P Laggner (2000) New evidence for gel-liquid crystalline phase co-existence in the ripple phase of phosphatidylcholines. Eur Biophys J 29, 125-133
82 Tiemann M, Fröba M, Rapp G & SS Funari (2000) In-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies on the formation of mesostructures aluminophosphate / surfactant composite materials. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 129, 559-566
81 Tiemann M, Fröba M, Rapp G & SS Funari (2000) Non-aqueos synthesis of mesostructured aluminophosphate / surfactant composites: Synthesis, characterisation, and in-situ SXS studies. Chem Mater 12, 1342-1348
80 Angelova A, Ionov R, Koch MHJ and G Rapp (2000) Interaction of the peptide antibiotic alamethicin with bilayer and non-bilayer forming lipids: Influence of increasing alamethicin concentration on the lipids supramolecular structures. Arch Biochem Biophys 378, 93-106
79 Holopainen JM, Lemmich J, Richter F, Mouritsen OG, Rapp G & PKJ Kinnunen (2000) Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/C16:0-ceramide binary liposomes studied by differential scanning calorimetry and wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering. Biophys J 78, 2459-2469
78 Erbes J, Gabke A, Rapp G & R Winter (2000) Kinetics of phase transformations between lyotropic mesophases of different topology: a time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction study using the pressure-jump relaxation technique. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2, 151-162
77 Schöppe A, Hinz H-J, Gerdes R, Redlich H & G Rapp (1999) Activation energies and kinetics of glycolipid phase transitions. Chem Phys Lipids 103, 95-115
76 Zantl R, Baicu L, Artzner F, Sprenger I, Rapp G & JO Rädler (1999) Thermotropic phase behaviour of cationic lipid-DNA complexes compared to binary lipid mixtures. J Phys Chem, in press
75 Hoskins BK, Griffiths PJ, Ashley C C & G Rapp (1999) Time-Resolved Equatorial X-ray Diffraction Studies of Skinned Muscle Fibres During Stretch and Release. J. Mol. Biol. 290, 77-97
74 Rapp G (1999) Structural studies on the polymorphism of lipids and lipid mixtures. Cell & Molec Biol Lett 4, 248 - 249
73 Funari SS, Rapp G (1999) A continuous topological change during phase transitions in amphiphile / water systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
96, 7756-775972 Panick G, Vidugiris GJA, Malessa R, Rapp G, Winter R & CA Royer (1999) Exploring the temperature-pressure phase diagram of staphylococcal nuclease. Biochemistry 38, 4157-4164
71 Winter R, Erbes J, Templer RH, Seddon J, SyrykhA, Warrender NA & G Rapp (1999) Inverse bicontinuous cubic phases in fatty acid / phosphatidylcholine mixtures. The effects of pressure and lipid composition. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 887-893
70 Tenchov B, Koynova R, Rappolt M & G Rapp (1999) An ordered metastable low-temperature phase in hydrated phosphatidylethanolamine: the Y-transition. Biochim Biophys Acta 1417, 183-190
69 Thimmel J, Klösgen B, Helfrich W & G Rapp (1999) Swelling and separation of DOPC multilayer systems. In: Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry Vol. 6, Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 253-259
68 Ashley CC, Bagni A, Cecchi G, Griffiths PJ & G Rapp (1999) Submillisecond changes in myosin lattice spacing resulting from rapid length changes. J Mol Biol 285, 431-440
67 Koynova R, Tenchov B & G Rapp (1999) Effect of PEG-lipid conjugates on the phase behaviour of phosphatidylethanolamine dispersion. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 149, 571-575
66 Richter F, Finegold L & G Rapp (1999) Sterols sense swelling in lipid bilayers. Phys Rev E 59, 3483-3491
65 Köberl M, Schöppe A, Hinz H-J & G Rapp (1998) Cooperativity of glycolipid phase transitions: a critical comparison of results from
equilibrium X-ray, density and microcalorimetric measurements. Chem Phys Lipids 95, 59-8264 Zantl R, Artzner F, Rapp G & J Rädler (1998) Thermotropic structural changes of saturated cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Eur. Phys. Lett. 45, 90-96
63 Artzner F, Zantl R, Rapp G & J Rädler (1998) Observation of rectangular columnar phase in condensed lamellar cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Phys Rev Lett 81, 5015-5018
62 Rapp G, Ashley CC, Bagni A, Griffiths P & G Cecchi (1998) Volume changes of the myosin lattice resulting from repetitive stimulation of single fibres. Biophys. J 75, 2984-1995
61 Tenchov B, Koynova R & G Rapp (1998) Accelerated formation of cubic phases in phosphatidylethanolamine dispersions. Biophys J 75, 853-866
60 Sass HJ, Gessenich R, Koch MHJ, Oesterhelt D, Dencher NA, Büldt G & G. Rapp (1998) Evidence for charge controlled conformational changes in the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. Biophys J 75, 399-405
59 Czeslik C, Reis O, Winter R & G Rapp (1998) Effect of high pressure on the structure of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes: a synchrotron X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy study using the diamond anvil technique. Chem Phys Lipids 91, 135-144
58 Bringezu F, Rapp G & G Brezesinski (1998) Phase behaviour of a methyl branched phosphatidyl-ethanolamine in two and three-dimensional systems. Physica B 248, 211-216
57 Xu S, Malinchik S, Frisbie S, Gu J, Kraft T, Rapp G, Chalovich JM, Brenner B & LC Yu (1998) X-ray diffraction studies of the cross-bridge intermediate states. In: Mechanism of Work Production and Work Absorption in Muscle. Ed. H. Sugi and G. Pollack. Plenum Press, New York, pp 271-279
56 Griffiths PJ, Amenitsch H, Ashley CC, Bagni A, Bernstorff S, Cecchi G, Colombini B & G Rapp (1998) Studies on the 14.5 nm meridional
X-ray reflection during length changes of intact frog muscle fibres. Adv Exp Med Biol 453, 247-25855 Rapp G (1998) Flash lamp based photolysis of caged compounds. In: Methods in Enzymology (ed. G. Marriott), Vol. 291, Academic Press, New York, pp. 202-222
54 Degenhardt M, Weber W, Eschenburg S, Dierks K, Funari SS, Rapp G & C. Betzel (1998) Crystallization and preliminray X-ray crystallographic analysis of the EGF receptor ectodomain. Acta Cryst. D54, 999-1001
53 Fratzl P, Misof K, Zizak I, Rapp G, Amenitsch H & S Bernstorff (1998) Fibrillar structure and mechanical properties of collagen. J. Struct. Biol. 122, 119-122
52 Gutberlet T, Dietrich U, Klose G & G Rapp (1998) X-ray diffraction study of the lamellar-hexagonal phase transition in phospholipid/surfactant mixtures. J. Colloid & Interface Sci. 203, 317-327
51 Panick G, Malessa R, Winter R, Rapp G, Frye KJ & C Royer (1998) Structural characterization of the pressure-denatured state and unfolding/refolding kinetics of staphylococcal nuclease by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. J Mol Biol 275, 389-402
50 Köberl M, Hinz H-J & G Rapp (1998) Temperature scanning simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies on glycolipid vesicles: Areas, expansion coefficients and hydration. Chem Phys. Lipids 91, 13-37
49 Kühnau U, Mädler B, Wurlitzer S, Rapp G & H Schmiedel (1997) Incorporation of thermotropic liquid crystals in phospholipid monolayers: Necessary conditions of the homeotropic anchoring. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 304, 171-178
48 Sass HJ, Schachowa IW, Rapp G, Koch MHJ, Oesterhelt D, NA Dencher & Büldt G (1997) The tertiary structural changes in bacteriorhodopsin occur between M states: X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. EMBO J, 16, 1484-1491
47 Misof K, Rapp G, Fratzl P (1997) A new molecular model for collagen elasticity based on synchrotron x-ray scattering evidence. Biophys J 72, 1376-1381
46 Koynova R, Tenchov B, Rapp G (1997) Mixing behaviour of saturated short-chain phosphatidylcholines and fatty acids. Eutectic points, liquid and solid phase immiscibility, non-lamellar phases. Chem Phys Lipids, 88, 45-61
45 Koynova R, Tenchov B & G Rapp (1997) Low amounts of PEG-lipid induce cubic phase phosphatidylethanolamine dispersions. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1326, 167-170
44 Köberl M, Hinz H-J & G Rapp (1997) Enthalpy is a proper criterion for the comparability of monolayer and bilayer studies: Isobaric temperature scanning measurement on glycolipid monolayers. Chem Phys Lipids 85, 23-43
43 Köberl M, Hinz H-J, Rappolt M & G Rapp (1997) Kinetics of glycolipid phase transitions: ms laser T-jump synchrotron studies. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 101, 789-808
42 Funari SS, di Vitta C & G Rapp (1997) Studies on mixtures of non-ionic surfactant (C12EO2) and phospholipids (POPC) - X-ray diffraction and NMR, Acta Phys Polonica A, 91, 953-960
41 Funari SS & G Rapp (1997) X-ray studies on the C12EO2/water system. J Phys Chem 101, 732-739
40 Tenchov B, Rappolt M, Koynova R, Rapp G (1996) New phases induced by disaccharides in saturated phosphatidylethanolamines: An
expanded lamellar gel phase and a cubic phase. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1285, 109-12239 Rapp G & J Davis (1996) X-ray diffraction studies on thermally induced tension generation in rigor muscle. J Mus Res Cell Motility, 17: 1-13
38 Rappolt M & G Rapp (1996) Simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction during the main transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Berichte Bunsenges Phys Chemie 100, 1153-1162
37 Rappolt M & G Rapp (1996) Structure of the metastable ripple phase of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Eur Biophys J 24, 381-386
36 Funari SS, Mädler B & G Rapp (1996) Cubic topology in surfactant and lipid mixtures. Eur Biophys J 24, 293-299
35 Erbes J, Winter & G Rapp (1996) Rate of phase transformations between mesophases of the 1:2 lecithin/fatty acid mixtures DMPC/MA and DPPC/PA - a time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction study. Berichte Bunsenges Phys Chemie 100, 1713-1722
34 Erbes J, Rapp G & R Winter (1996) Kinetics and mechanisms of lamellar and non-lamellar phase transitions in aqueous lipid dispersions. In: Progress in Biotechnology 13: High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology. R. Hayashi & C Balny (eds), Elsevier Science, North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp181-184
33 Czeslik C, Malessa R, Winter R & G Rapp (1996) High pressure X-ray diffraction studies of biological molecules using the diamond anvil technique. Nucl Instrum Methods A 368, 847-851
32 Uhrikova D, Rapp G & P Balgavy (1996) Synchrotron X-ray study of the DPPC-water system. Chem Listy 90, 628
31 Balgavy P, Dubnickova M, Uhrikova D, Gordeliy V, Kiselev M, Yaradaikin S & G Rapp (1996) Phosphatidylcholine bilayer thickness in unilamellar and multilamellar liposomes. Comparison of SANS, SAXS and SAXD results. Chem Listy 90, 625-626
30 Rapp G, Koch MHJ, Höhne U, Lvov Y & H Möhwald (1995) Time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of the temperature dependence of the structure of Mg-stearate multilayers. Langmuir 11, 2348-2351
29 Clerc M, Laggner P, Levelut A-M & G Rapp (1995) Rates of phase transformations between mesophases formed by a non-ionic surfactant in water: A time-resolved X-ray diffraction study. Journal de Physique II France 5, 901-917
28 Czeslik C, Winter R, Rapp G & K Bartels (1995) The temperature and pressure dependent phase behaviour of the monoacylglycerides monoolein and monoelaidin. Biophys J 68, 1423-1429
27 Rapp G, Gabriel A, Dosiere M & MHJ Koch (1995) A dual detector single readout system for simultaneous small- (SAXS) and wide-angle (WAXS) scattering. Nucl Instrum Methods A 357, 178-182
26 Erbes J, Czeslik C, Hahn W, Winter R, Rappolt M & G Rapp (1994). On the existence of Bicontinuous Cubic Phases in Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 98, 1287-1293.
25 Bagni MA, Cecchi G, Griffiths PJ, Maeda Y, Rapp G & CC Ashley (1994). Lattice spacing changes accompanying isometric tension development in intact single muscle fibres. Biophys J 67, 1965-1975.
24 Laggner P, Kriechbaum M, Bota A, Rapp G. (1994) Temperature-jump relaxation studies on phospholipids: structural intermediates and memory effect in phase transitions. In: Synchrotron radiation and biophysics, Biosciences' Ed. Chance, Sakabe & Sasaki. Oxford University
Press., pp 204-21223 Rapp G, Rappolt M & P Laggner (1993) Time-resolved small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine by laser temperature-jump. Progr Colloid Polym Sci 93, 25-29
22 Rapp G (1992) Time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies on biological systems. Acta Physica Polonica A 82, 103-120
21 Rapp G, Güth K, Maeda Y, Poole KJV & RS Goody (1991) Time-resolved X-ray diffraction studies on stretch activated insect flight muscle. J Musc Res Cell Motility 12, 208-215
20 Rapp G & RS Goody (1991) Light as a trigger for time-resolved structural experiments on muscle, lipids, p21 and bacteriorhodopsin. J Appl Cryst 24, 857-865
19 Menetret J-F, Hoffmann W, Schröder RR, Rapp G & RS Goody (1991) Time-resolved cryo-electron microscopic study of the dissociation of actomyosin induced by photolysis of photolabile nucleotides. J Mol Biol 219, 139-143
18 Laggner P, Kriechbaum M & G Rapp (1991) Structural intermediates in phospholipid phase transitions. J Appl Cryst 24, 836-842
17 Poole KJV, Maeda Y, Rapp G & RS Goody (1991) Dynamic X-ray diffraction measurements following photolytic relaxation and activation of skinned rabbit psoas fibres. In: Adv in Biophys (Japan) 27.Ed. M. Kotani, Japan Scientific Societies Press pp 63-75
16 Laggner P, Kriechbaum M, Rapp G & J Hendrix (1991) Structural pathways and short-lived intermediates in phospholipid phase transitions. Millisecond synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies. Progr Colloid Polym Sci 81, 268-269
15 Koch MHJ, Dencher NA, Oesterhelt D, Plöhn H-J, Rapp G & G Büldt (1991) Time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of structural changes associated with the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin. EMBO J 10, 521-526
14 Dencher NA, Heberle J, Bark C, Koch MHJ, Rapp G, Oesterhelt D, Bartels K & G Büldt (1991) Proton translocation and conformational changes during the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: Time-resolved studies with membrane-bound optical probes and X-ray diffraction. Photochem Photobiol 54, 881-887
13 Schlichting I, Almo SC, Rapp G, Wilson K, Petratos K, Lentfer A, Wittinghofer A, Kabsch W, Pai EF, Petsko GA & RS Goody (1990) Time-resolved X-ray crystallographic study of the conformational change in Ha-Ras p21 protein on GTP hydrolysis. Nature 345, 309-316
12 Laggner P, Kriechbaum M, Rapp G & J Hendrix (1990) Structural pathways and short-lived iIntermediates in phospholipid phase transitions. Proc. of the 2nd European Conference on Progress in X-Ray Synchrotron Radiation Research, A. Balerna, E. Bernieri and S. Mobilio (Eds.), SIF, Bologna, Vol.25, 995
11 Laggner P, Kriechbaum M & G Rapp (1990) Phospholipid phase transitions. Pathways, intermediates and kinetics. Proc. of the 10th School on Biophysics of Membrane Transport. Szczyrk, Poland, Eds: J. Kuczera and S. Przastalski, pp207-229
10 Kriechbaum M. Laggner P & G Rapp (1990) Fast time-resolved X-ray diffraction for studying laser T-jump induced phase transitions. Nucl Instr Meth Phys Res A291, 41-45
9 Schlichting I, Rapp G, John J, Wittinghofer A, Pai E & RS Goody (1989) Biochemical and crystallographic characterisation of a complex of H-ras p21 and caged-GTP using flash photolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86, 7687-7690
8 Rapp G, K.J.V. Poole, Y. Maeda, G.C.R. Ellis-Davies, J.H. Kaplan, J. McCray, R.S. Goody (1989) Lasers and flash lamps in research on the mechanism of muscle contraction. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 93, 410-415
7 Laggner P, Kriechbaum M, Hermetter A, Paltauf F, Hendrix J & G Rapp (1989) Laser-induced temperature jump and time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction on phospholipid phase transitions. Progr Coll Interf Sci 79, 101-105
6 Kriechbaum M, G Rapp, J Hendrix & P Laggner (1989) Millisecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction on liquid-crystalline phase transitions using infrared laser T-jump technique and synchrotron radiation. Rev Sci Instrum 60, 2541-2544
5 Rapp G & K Güth (1988) A low cost high intensity flash device for photolysis experiments. Pflügers Archiv 411, 200-203
4Poole KJV, Rapp G, Maeda Y & RS Goody (1988) The time course of changes in the equatorial diffraction patterns from different muscle
types on photolysis of caged-ATP. In: Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. H. Sugi & G.H. Pollack (Eds.). Plenum Press, New York; pp 391-4043 Arner A, Goody RS, Güth K, Rapp G & JC Rüegg (1987) Relaxation of chemically skinned guinea pig taenia coli smooth muscle from rigor by photolytic release of adenosine-5'-triphosphate. J Musc Res Cell Mot 8, 377-385
2 Rapp G, Poole KJV, Maeda Y, Güth K, Hendrix J & RS Goody (1986) Time-resolved structural studies on insect flight muscle after photolysis of caged ATP. Biophys J 50, 993-997
1 Rapp G & H Weicker (1982). Comparative studies on fast muscle myosin light chains after different training programs. Int J Sportsmed 3, 58-60
Invited contributions for publications in books
Rapp G, Funari SS, Richter F & D Woo (2000) X-ray diffraction studies on the effect of additives on the phase behaviour of lipids. In: Lipid Bilayers. Structure and Interactions. Eds. J. Katsaras & T. Gutberlet. Springer Heidelberg, pp. 165 - 188
Rapp G (1998) Flash lamp based photolysis of caged compounds. In: Methods in Enzymology 291, G. Marriott (ed.), Academic Press, 202-222
Poole KJV, Rapp G, Maeda Y & RS Goody (1988) Synchrotron radiation studies on insect flight muscle. In: Topics in Current Chemistry 147 (Ed. E. Mandelkow) pp. 1-29, Springer